By October of 1940, the European continent was almost entirely under control of Nazi Germany. During one of the bleakest moments in recorded world history, those in the free world must have murmured their concerns amongst each other. What would come next? What were they do to as a bloodthirsty dictator was expanding his territory? Would war ever reach their home soil? And, most arrogantly, American isolationists asserted this was strictly a territorial conflict. In their eyes, there was no justification to sacrifice our youth on the battlefields of Europe. This was not our fight.
But iconic comedian Charlie Chaplin decided now was the time to lampoon the Nazis. On October 15, 1940, The Great Dictator premiered in New York City and was an instant hit. American fans and critics were united in their enthusiasm for Chaplin’s satire of Adolf Hitler. Its international reception was divided. Britain had initially promised to ban the film while they were appeasing Hitler. But upon the German invasion of Poland, Britain reversed their promise. The film was welcomed as useful propaganda. Four-and-a-half years after the initial premiere, it was released in liberated France, quickly becoming the most popular movie of the year. In many Latin American countries, whose populations sympathized with Nazi Germany, the movie was flat-out banned.
But upon the end of the war, Chaplin expressed remorse for creating his lighthearted comedy. Had he known the truth of the Holocaust, he would not have dared to make light of the Nazis.
This was also an important film for the silent movie star. With the release of The Jazz Singer in 1927, sound had finally accompanied motion pictures. Chaplin famously dismissed the “talkies”, certain that the phenomenon would last only another year. In 1936, Chaplin seemed to reverse his opinion by releasing Modern Times, a hybrid movie that is mostly silent with the occasional sound effects or song. Chaplin seemed to get the message that, whether he liked it or not, the talkies were here to stay.
Chaplin plays Adenoid Hynkel, the rising authoritarian of fictional Tomainia, bent on world domination. Chaplin also plays an absent-minded Jewish barber that coincidentally bears an uncanny resemblance to the dictator. As the Jews in the ghetto are subjected to terrors, he decides to join the resistance to assassinate Hynkel. The Barber and his co-conspirators are ultimately arrested and sent to a concentration camp.
Escaping the camp, the Barber is mistaken for Hynkel and brought to a rally that intends to initiate the Tomainian invasion of neighboring countries. The crowd expects a speech from the dictator. We can sense his fear as he approaches the microphone, putting himself front and center as his only hope to evade capture.
Here we are presented with one of the most iconic scenes in the history of cinema. The quiet Barber, with the eyes of the world upon him and an entire military awaiting his orders, finally can speak.
“I’m sorry,” he begins, “but I don’t want to be an emperor… I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone- if possible- Jew, Gentile, Black man- White. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness – not by each other’s misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way…”
The Barber gently repudiates the ambitions of Tomainia, lamenting that their technological advancements and materialism have not been able to satisfy their human wants and longings. Reminding the listeners (civilian and military) of their ultimate good origins, he proposes using their power to find true happiness in helping their fellow human beings.
I encourage anybody reading this watch the monologue for themselves (particularly the link that I have provided). While the original monologue contained no musical score, this clip contains Hans Zimmer’s “Time” from the Inceptionsoundtrack. The track is a perfect fit, in my opinion. Starting off gently as the Barber condemns the goals for world dominance, it intensifies as he calls for the soldiers to disobey the orders of their heartless superiors. He then reminds the audience that true happiness is always within reach if they simply help each other. It is all within reach if they are willing.
“Soldiers,” he cries, “in the name of democracy, let us all unite!”
To his surprise, the massive crowd erupts in cheers.
The comedian, who became beloved through silence, left us perhaps the greatest monologue in the history of movies.
Eighty-five years later, we are watching conflicts unfold oversees and (unfortunately) at home. I find myself frequently listening to this monologue for hope and inspiration in these dark times. Whatever issues may trouble us, it is nothing the world has not seen before. We know that humanity will eventually leave this chapter of history behind, and peace and prosperity will inevitably return. But we still must wrestle with the uncertainty of the present as we seek to navigate through the darkness.
For those who still believe (and those who are looking for reasons to believe), I bring you The Great Dictator. May this movie serve as a light, however small it may be, to guide you until the dawn of hope finally arrives.
(https://youtu.be/w8HdOHrc3OQ?si=cAmL7zRO4qAfIdvG)